Sioux

**Sioux Page Made by: Stephen Nielsen,Simone Palumbo and Vishal Verma March 2010

Locations: The Sioux is a big tribe which covers a large amount of land with many features. This large amount of land covers all of Wisconsin, Minnesota and north and south Dakota. There are many natural resources which the Sioux could use to their advantage: many lakes, hills, grass lands, and Coniferous Forests. They use the lake for drinking water and washing. They use the hills for hiding and they use the grass lands for farming and for hunting. The Sioux use the forest for wood, collecting food and hiding from others tribes attacking. In the area which the Sioux live in there are many wild animals which they use for eating, trading and for other reasons. The Sioux live in a humid and semi-arid Steppe climate area. Overall the Sioux is a strong tribe with a large amount of land that has advantages for them, that they can use. **

**Time Line ** 1795: Trading with the Spanish and the French merchants 1800: Sioux ruling the Great Plains 1857: Sitting Bull elected as Sioux Leader 1873: War of the Americans and the Canadians and the killed many buffalos and the Sioux need those buffalos to survive 1876: Sitting Bull performs the Sun Dance and the US army is attacking 1890: The Ghost Dance is made and Sitting Bull is killed 1980: US pay the Sioux tribe $105 million for the land that was taken forcefully but the Sioux want the land back and the money not just the money Now: The Sioux are the Largest Indian groups living in US The Sioux government is made of a chief also called the itancan and his village councils. The chief is the ruler of the tribe who is elected by his people. The chief can be any gender. The chief helps people make decisions when they need help. A great chief of the Sioux was the Sitting Bull also known as Tatanka Iotanka (his indian name) who died in the war between the Sioux and the American soldiers. The Sioux government is politically autonomous which means that they are self governing. There are a council in each village and the leader gives different jobs to them. This way everyone has something to do and everything is balanced. **
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**Economy:** The Sioux were hunters, gathers, farmers and traders. The Sioux hunted buffalo's with thier horses over the Great plains. The Sioux used their horses to chase the Cheyenne and the Kiwa out of their land. In the Grass lands they would farm corn, beans, sunflowers and they would raise cows. The Sioux would also hunt and gather berries, bird eggs, wild plants and wild rice. The Sioux would sell some of what they had grown, hunted or gathered to other tribes near thiers. In the Sioux's society the men provided what they needed to feed their family. The men were the rulers of the house hold and the women had to clean out the tipis and do the house work. The reason why there are big families is because one man can kill a buffalo and one buffalo can feed many people. Beliefs: In the Sioux's religion the main symbol was the Wakan, it is the heart of the Sioux's beliefs. The Wakan Tanka is the total of personified powers that are sometimes in the Six Grandfathers. Killing animals as a sport and pleasure was a insult to the great spirit. A sacred dance was the sun dance which involved sticking wood skewers in their chest or bellow their eyes tied to the Central pole and they had to danced around a pole in the middle until the skewers came out of of their skin. ** **Customs:** The Sioux ate lots of food such as: wild fruits, nuts, meat (jerky, buffalo,etc......). Most of the time, Sioux went hunting through forests looking for Buffalo's. However, the buffalo was the main Sioux food and they also made jerky out of it. The Sioux went also looking for fruits and nuts on top of trees or they found them on different plants. The women were known as the life-givers of the tribe. They raised the children and taught them the important traditions. They cooked and preserved the meat that the men had hunted (mainly buffalo). Men were the protectors of the Sioux village in case of enemies attacked them. The men went hunting most of the time searching and hunting for food in order to feed their families. The Seven Rites of the Lakota are [|Nagi Gluhapi] (Keeping of the Soul), [|Inipi] (Rite of Purification), [|Hanblecheyapi] (Crying for a Vision), [|Wiwanyag Wachipi] (The Sun Dance), [|Hunkapi] (Making of Relatives), [|Ishna Ta Awi Cha Lowan] (Preparing a Girl for Womanhood), [|Tapa Wanka Yap] (Throwing of the Ball). Art: ** The Sioux decorated buckskin clothes and tents with bead work and quill work. They also painted buffalo hides by using geometric shapes such as circles and triangles. They also painted pictographs by showing events from fighting other tribes and go hunting for animals. In other pictographs they showed their lifestyle about where they lived and how their territory was like. The arts of the Sioux were normally determined by the materials available, lifestyle and religion.
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 * [[image:http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/thumbnail/131254/1/Sioux-Indians-Hunting-Buffalo,-1835.jpg width="401" height="203"]]

The common types of architecture of the Sioux are earth lodges and tipis. Some ceremonial buildings were sun dance lodges and sweat houses. The Sioux called their tents tipis because it means place where a person lives. They were warm in the winter and cool in the summer, it was also big enough for the entire family to live in. These kinds of tents were really light in weight. Earth lodge is a semi-subterranean building covered partially or completely with earth. The Sioux were very careful scientists. They learned about important objects in the sky and used them to tell time, to predict changes of the season and to use maps with stars in order to follow a certain direction if they had to move. The Sioux tribes have known from a thousands of years that there was a black hole located in the center of the bowl in a big dipper. NASA only discovered about it only a few years ago. Sources:
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 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dakota-Lakota Language and the Sioux Indian Tribes (Lakhota, Dakhota, Yankton, Yanktonai)." //Native American Language Net: Preserving and Promoting Indigenous American Indian Languages//. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">.
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 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">//Rosebud Sioux Tribe//. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">More about Buffalo Hide Painting." //National Museum of American History//. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. <http://americanhistory.si.edu/kids/buffalo/abouthides_frmset.html>.